How to Celebrate PENTECOST
Ye "shall COUNT unto you from the morrow (next day) after the SABBATH (weekly Sabbath not annual Sabbath), from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering (an omer of sifted, barley flour); SEVEN SABBATHS (or "weeks" -- Deut.16:9; Num.28:26) shall be COMPLETE (not partial weeks but complete weekly cycles): Even unto the MORROW (next day) after the SEVENTH SABBATH shall ye NUMBER FIFTY DAYS (There's no need to count if a person always ends up on Sivan 6 as the Jews believe.) ... Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves ... they shall be baked with leaven; they are the FIRST FRUITS unto the Eternal.... And the priest shall wave ... the bread of the FIRST FRUITS for a wave offering before the Eternal... And ye shall proclaim on the self-same day, that it may be an HOLY CONVOCATION ("rehearsal" -- #4744) unto you: ye shall do NO SERVILE WORK therein: it shall be a statute FOREVER in all your dwellings throughout your generations. And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field ... neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest; thou shalt leave them unto the POOR, and to the STRANGER" (Lev. 23:15-22). Just as in the Jubilee Year (after seven weeks of years) the land provided free produce to the POOR, so at the Feast of Weeks (after seven weeks) the GLEANINGS and CORNERS (Lev. 19:9; 23:22) provided free grain to the POOR. Part of observing Pentecost includes an offering to POOR JEWISH CHRISTIANS of 1.66 percent of the year's income: "not less than one-sixtieth" (Mishna Peah 1:2).
Just as the JUBILEE gave LIBERTY to the economic slave by giving him LAND the FIFTIETH year, so PENTECOST offers LIBERTY to the poor with GLEANINGS and CORNERS starting on the FIFTIETH day.
In Acts 2:1 we read that they were "all with one accord in one place." They didn't have part of the church observing SIVAN 6 and part observing a MONDAY PENTECOST and another part observing a SUNDAY PENTECOST. All kept Sunday -- the only right time. John 4:9-24 shows that God DOES CARE WHEN we worship him. The Holy Spirit only fell on SUNDAY, Pentecost, 31 A.D. Pentecost can float through the days of the month, anywhere from the 4th to the 12th of Sivan. But it is anchored to SUNDAY. Deuteronomy 16:9-10 says, "Seven weeks shalt thou number ... And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks" (after 49 days). On the fiftieth day. Numbers 28:26 says, "Observe Pentecost after your weeks be out." If we count from SUNDAY, the day of the wave sheaf, when Christ was accepted by the Father, then SUNDAY is day number one. Thus, fifty days from SUNDAY brings us to another SUNDAY. Christ WASN'T ACCEPTED by God on a MONDAY (John 20:1-17; Matt.28:9). SIVAN 6 gives ANY DAY of the week. In the same way, the JUBILEE YEAR is the FIFTIETH YEAR after counting (Lev.25:8-11). Seven times seven is a complete unit with God. The seventh DAY is the SABBATH. After seven WEEKS is PENTECOST. The seventh MONTH begins with TRUMPETS and is full of holy days (ATONEMENT, SUKKOT and EIGHTH DAY). The seventh YEAR is a LAND SABBATH (Ex.23:10). After seven LAND SABBATHS is the JUBILEE (Lev. 25:10). This pattern is altered if PENTECOST is MONDAY or SIVAN 6.
Since the wave sheaf occurred on a SUNDAY, we also know the day of the week he ascended from the Mount of Olives "FORTY DAYS" later (Acts 1:3). His ascension (Acts 1:9-12) took place on THURSDAY. The feast of "Pentecost" (Acts 2:1; Greek "count fifty") is also known as the "Feast of HARVEST, the FIRST FRUITS of thy labors" (Ex.23:16) or the "Feast of WEEKS" (or Heb. "SHAVU'OT) (Ex.34:22; Deut.16:10) or "the Day of the FIRSTFRUITS" (Num.28:26). Josephus calls it "The feast of the FIFTY DAYS" (Wars 2:3:1).
Law Given From Mount Sinai
On Pentecost the Law was given to Israel from Mount Sinai (TB Shabbat 86b; Pesachim 68b) . But "Not with you alone do I make this covenant ... but with ... those who are not here with us this day" (Deut. 29:13-14). Later generations, Israelite colonies in Greece, and non-Israelite peoples can also be included.
"There are 613 (Hebrew) letters in the Decalogue, equal to the number of the commandments" (Bemidbar Rabbah 13:15-16). But modern Hebrew texts of Deuteronomy 5:7-21 have 665 letters and Exodus 20:3-17 have 579. Hebrew liturgists, beginning with Rav Saadyah Gaon, composed Piyyutim (religious poems) for Shavuot containing ten chapters and including all 613 commandments. On Pentecost it is a Jewish custom to read and study all 613 laws. Sephardim recite Azharot (all 613 laws). The first five commandments were written on one tablet, and the second five on another tablet (Yerushalmi Shekalim 6:1). The first five regulate our conduct toward God (since "the Torah compares respect for parents to respect for God" -- Kiddushin 30b) and the second five our conduct toward our fellow men.
The Bible describes the Ten Commandments as "the writing of God, ENGRAVED (harut) on the tablets" (Ex. 32:16). "ENGRAVED" could also be read herut "FREEDOM," for no man is truly FREE unless he engages in Torah study (Avot 6:2). Offering them "FREEDOM on the tablets" is appropriate since they had come from Egyptian SLAVERY.
The Midrash says God's voice thundered the Torah from Mount SINAI "in seventy LANGUAGES, so that all the nations should understand" (Exodus Rabbah 5:9). God spoke in"VOICES" (Ex.20:18; Rhm.; YLT). There was also "FIRE" and a "SOUND" (Heb.12:18-19 Ex.20:18). The first trump is in Exodus 19:19. Israel became a NATION on Pentecost. No Holy Spirit was given. Instead, "the Eternal said unto Moses, come up to me into the mount, and be there; and I will give thee tables of stone, and a LAW, and commandments which I have written, that thou mayest teach them" (Ex.24:12). Also they were given an "ADDED" law of RITUALS (Gal.3:19) as a SUBSTITUTE for the HOLY SPIRIT and about 3000 men were buried because of idol worship (Ex.32:28).
The Gospel was spoken in many "OTHER TONGUES" accompanied by "FIRE" and a "SOUND" in Acts 2:2-4 on Mount ZION. Also, the New Testament CHURCH began on PENTECOST at the temple mount in Jerusalem (Luke 24:49; Acts 2:1; Heb. 12:22). Before going onto the Temple mount itself, a pilgrim had to be ritually cleansed in a mikvah and excavations have uncovered many mikvaot outside the south wall of the Temple Mount. Therefore, this had to be the spot where the 3000 were baptized (buried in a mikvah) on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:41,46). In fact, the "house" they were sitting in (Acts 2:2) may have been the "House of God." Incidentally, according to legend the world was divided into 70 LANGUAGES at Babel on PENTECOST also (Gen. 11:8). The TONGUES OF FIRE over the apostles' heads (Acts 2) correspond to the fact that "all the people saw the thunders and the FLAMES" (Ex.20:18). The "devout men" (Acts 2:5) weren't Christians but instead were those who obeyed the laws of the Old Testament.
Why Two Loaves?
Each LOAF contained about four pounds of flour (Lev. 23:17). According to the Mishnah, each loaf was 7 x 4 handbreadths (28" x 16") and seven fingers wide (6"). The TWO WAVE LOAVES offered on Pentecost represent the CHURCH which is "built upon the foundation of the APOSTLES (New Testament saints) and PROPHETS (Old Testament saints) (Eph.2:20). Or they represent pre-tribulation (LEAH) and tribulation (RACHEL) saints. Or they are the two houses of JUDAH and ISRAEL, or ISRAELITES and GENTILES. Just as the WAVE SHEAF was LIFTED UP into the air and waved, symbolizing CHRIST'S TRIP TO HEAVEN and RETURN, so the WAVE LOAVES were LIFTED UP and waved meaning WE WILL MEET HIM in the AIR , marry him, and return after seven years (1 Thess.4:16-17; Acts 1:11; Zech.14:3-4). These Jewish Christians will be HARVESTED at Christ's return. "Thrust in thy sickle, and REAP ... for the (good wheat) HARVEST of the earth is RIPE" (Rev.14:15). "Gather the wheat" (Matt.13:30). But just as these loaves contain LEAVEN (Lev.23:17), so the church ISN'T PERFECT (1 John 1:8; Rom.3:23). Only CHRIST was PERFECT (Heb.4:15;5:9; 7:26; 9:28). The LEAVEN may also illustrate the presence of "TARES" (weeds) (Matt.13:38), or FALSE BROTHERS living among both the OLD and NEW TESTAMENT SAINTS. During the fifty-day period, the wheat must GROW and MATURE until it is ready for harvest. If the heads of barley were not entirely ripe, they could be dried with FIRE or parched -- a type of FIERY trial (Mal.3:1-7; 1 Cor.3:13-15; Rev.3:18).
The number TWO in the Bible is the number of WITNESS and TESTIMONY. TWO witnesses establish a truth (Deut. 19:15; Matt. 18:19-20). The Ten Commandments were written on TWO stones (Ex. 31:18) and are fulfilled by TWO commandments of love (Matt. 22:34-40). If the TWO loaves symbolize the TWO Kingdoms of Judah and Israel, then both Jews and Christians are independent witnesses to the truth of the Bible.
The congregation sings Psalm 113. The priest faces Jerusalem and waves the LOAVES SOUTH and NORTH for verses 1 and 2 -- "from this time forth and for evermore." EAST and WEST for verse 3 -- "from the rising of the sun unto the going down." UP for verses 4 and 5 -- "God, who dwelleth on high." DOWN for verse 6 -- "who looks far down" (RSV). It's been done this way for thousands of years only in Hebrew.
The Small Spring Grain Harvest Pictures Salvation Of Jewish Christians
The resurrection of Messiah was the wave sheaf of BARLEY. The resurrection of Jewish Christians (those who obey like Jews and believe like Christians) who live during the 6000 years will be the two wave loaves of WHEAT. The gleanings (Lev. 23:22) which are harvested last by the poor and alien may picture "deathbed repentances." They remain in the field (world) till the Millenium when they're harvested. The resurrection of the rest of humanity -- Millenial Jewish Christians and after -- will be the waving of the lulav and etrog representing the FRUITS and NUTS.
There were TWO physical HARVESTS in Israel annually. The first was the GRAIN HARVEST lasting seven weeks. The barley ripened sooner than the other grains and was ready for harvesting on wave-sheaf Sunday (Ex.9:31-32; 2 Sam.21:9; Ruth 1:22; 2 Ki.4:42). Wheat took longer to ripen and was harvested at PENTECOST (Ex.34:22; Ruth 2:23; Ex.9:32; Lev. 23:20-22). "Thou shalt observe the Feast of Weeks, of the FIRSTFRUITS of WHEAT HARVEST" (Ex.34:22). We Jewish Christians are "FIRST FRUITS of the Spirit" (Rom. 8:23). The Jews called Pentecost "atzeret" or "CLOSING DAY" of the Passover season because it is the LAST FESTIVAL of the GRAIN HARVEST just as the EIGHTH DAY was the LAST FESTIVAL of the FRUIT HARVEST (cp. Pesik. 30:193) Pentecost is the day that DIVIDES the GRAIN HARVEST from the FRUIT HARVEST (see Jewish Encyc., art. "Firstfruits" and art. "Pentecost" and A Guide To Shavuot by Chaim Pearl).
The "WEEKS OF THE HARVEST" (Jer.5:24-25) are the SEVEN WEEKS from wave sheaf Sunday to Pentecost. It is a type of the HARVEST of ISRAELITES OUT of EGYPT and into God's barn or way of life which has a second fulfillment and gathering which may occur on Pentecost again (Ez.20:40-41). Jeremiah 2:3 says, "Israel was holiness unto the Eternal, and the FIRST FRUITS of his increase; all that devour him shall offend." "He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his SHEAVES with him" (Ps.126:6; cp. Matt. 13:37-39; Mark 4:26-29). The GRAIN HARVEST was the comparatively SMALL SPRING HARVEST after the "FORMER RAIN" (Joel 2:23; Hos.6:3; Deut.11:14; Jer.5:24; James 5:7) moderately watered the fields in the SPRING as a type of of the Holy Spirit. Then came the second or FALL FRUIT HARVEST which ended on the EIGHTH DAY just as PENTECOST ended the GRAIN HARVEST. Grapes, olives, figs and pomegranates were gathered in (Ex.23:16) during the heavy "LATTER RAIN" (Joel 2:23,28,29; Isa.32:14-15; 44:3; John 7:37-39; Zech.10:1) of the FALL. Both come in the first month (Joel 2:23) -- one in Tishri and one in Nisan. As God's Holy Spirit pours out in abundance, the whole world will be saved (Joel 2:28-29).
The SMALL SPRING HARVEST-- the "LITTLE FLOCK" (Luke 12:32) -- which began on wave-sheaf Sunday and ended on the Feast of PENTECOST, typified the 2000 YEARS between Christ's first coming and his second. The HARVEST typifies SALVATION at "the end of the world (age)" (Matt.13:39).
God didn't reveal spiritual understanding to ancient Israel (Eph.3:5). They DIDN'T HAVE the HOLY SPIRIT (John 7:37-39) and therefore
didn't have the heart to obey (Deut.5:29). The law was "WEAK through the FLESH" (Rom.8:3). The carnal mind is hostile to God's law (Rom.8:7; Eph.4:18; 1 Cor.2:14). That was the FAULT with the Old Covenant -- the UNCONVERTED PEOPLE (Heb.8:8; Rom.11:32; Deut.29:4; Isa.30:9-10; Jer.31:31-34; Ez.11:19-20; Ez.36:26-27). The "church in the wilderness" (Acts 7:38), as a whole, was DENIED the HOLY SPIRIT. They will be in the FRUIT and NUT harvest. But a few patriarchs, kings and prophets were GIVEN God's HOLY SPIRIT and were able to obey the spirit and intent of the law. Even in Old Testament times the heroes were truly "Jewish Christians" and were under the New Covenant promises and requirements. They represent the WHEAT.
For instance, God's Spirit was in JOSEPH (Gen.41:38), MOSES (Num.11:25), JOSHUA (27:18), OTHNIEL (Judges 3:9-10), GIDEON (6:34), JEPHTHAH (11:29), SAMSON (13:24-25), SAUL (1 Sam.10:6) and DAVID (16:13; Ps.51:11) among many others. It's true that "the Holy Spirit was not yet given" (John 7:39) in 30 A.D. to the church as a whole. But it had been given to key individuals in the past. These men will be "FIRST FRUITS" in Revelation 14:4. "But every man in his own order: CHRIST the first fruits (WAVE SHEAF of BARLEY); afterward they that are Christ's (Jewish Christians) at his coming" (WAVE LOAVES of WHEAT) (1 Cor.15:23; 16:15; cp. 1 Th.4:13-17; Rom. 8:29). See also Romans 11:16, Colossians 1:18 and Hebrews 12:23. Jewish Christians are "a kind of FIRST FRUITS of his creatures" (James 1:18). The rest of humanity are the ETROG and LULAV last.
"Repent, and be baptized ... in the name of Jesus the Messiah for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the HOLY SPIRIT. For the promise (of Eternal Life) is unto you" (Acts 2:38-39). By being "sealed with the HOLY SPIRIT of promise" we receive "the earnest (downpayment) of our inheritance until the redemption" (Eternal Life) (Eph.1:14; cp. 2 Cor. 5:5). "Now if any man have not the SPIRIT OF CHRIST, he is none of his" (Rom.8:9). "For as many as are led by the SPIRIT OF GOD, they are the sons of God" (Rom.8:14). But God gives his SPIRIT only "to them that OBEY him" (Acts 5:32). We can quench it by DISOBEDIENCE (1 Th..5:19; Ps.51:11). The "SPIRIT OF TRUTH" will "guide you into all truth" (John 16:13) and "teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatever I (Christ) have said unto you" (John 14:26). We can then worship God "in spirit and in truth" (John 4:24). The SPIRIT working in us will do greater miracles than even Christ did of healing and raising the dead (John 14:10-12). The FRUIT OF THE SPIRIT "is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness" and "temperance (self-control)" (Gal.5:22-23). Yes, "the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the HOLY SPIRIT that is given unto us" (Rom.5:5). "If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love" (John 15:10). "For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments" (1 John 5:3). We repent and are forgiven (PASSOVER) and then obey (UNLEAVENED BREAD), and get supernatural help and power (PENTECOST).
The Old Covenant Marriage
Yahweh's PROPOSAL was, "Now if you OBEY ME fully and keep my COVENANT, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession" (Ex.19:5). The bride responded, "We WILL DO everything the Eternal has said" (Ex.19:7-8). "I sware unto thee, and entered into a COVENANT with thee ... and thou becamest Mine" (Ez. 16:8-9) on Pentecost. This was a MARRIAGE (Ez. 16:8; Jer. 31:32). Yahweh said, "I am MARRIED unto you" (Jer. 3:14). The terms and conditions of the OLD COVENANT agreement are found from Exodus 19:1 to 24:8. It wasn't an OLD TESTAMENT since the death of one of the parties wasn't required to make it binding.
Jesus the Messiah was the God of this OLD COVENANT. Since no man has ever heard the voice of God the Father (John 5:37), it must have been Jesus the Messiah who spoke the ten commandments from Mount Sinai (Ex. 20:1-2). He created everything as the God of the "Old Testament" (John 1:3; Col. 1:16). He was the "HUSBAND." Israel and Judah were the "WIFE" and said "I DO" in Exodus 19:8 and 24:7 before being tried and tested and without the Holy Spirit.
The promises for OBEDIENCE in the LETTER were NATIONAL PHYSICAL wealth, health, and victory. But Israel committed ADULTERY with other gods and played the HARLOT. Messiah then DIVORCED Israel (Isa. 50:1; Jer. 3:6-8; Isa. 59:1-2; Hos. 2:2) but stayed married to Judah. He said to his divorced wife, "Ye shall be REDEEMED without money" (Isa. 52:3). "For thy maker is thine husband ... and the holy one of Israel is thy REDEEMER.... For the Lord hath called thee as a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit, even a wife of youth, when she is cast off, saith thy God" (Isa. 54:1-10). Messiah REDEEMED Israel without money when he died at Golgotha. This was necessary since Deuteronomy 24:4 forbade remarriage to a divorced wife. Messiah's death also dissolved the MARRIAGE to Judah (Rom. 7:1-4). Messiah paid with his life the BRIDE PRICE in order to remarry his transformed wife. A cup of wine seals this NEW COVENANT (Matt. 26:28). When the Jewish Christian Bride accepts, she is "BOUGHT with a PRICE" (1 Cor.6:20; 7:23; 1 Pet. 1:18-19). Messiah will marry spiritual Israel under a NEW COVENANT when she is resurrected. Spiritual Israel includes any Jew or Gentile who chooses to accept Messiah's BRIDE PRICE and OBEY the Bible. This covenant is also a NEW TESTAMENT since death of one of the parties was necessary to make it binding. Eternal inheritance of earth was given only to one seed -- Messiah (Gen. 22:18; Gal. 3:16-19). "And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and HEIRS according to the promise" (Gal. 3:29). The "better promises" (Heb. 8:6) for obedience in the spirit "from the heart" (Eph. 6:6) are the gifts of the HOLY SPIRIT and ETERNAL LIFE. The problem with the Old Covenant was not the law. This law was perfect (Ps. 19:7; Rom. 7:12). The fault was with the people (Heb. 8:7-8). The bride must first be tried and tested, with the Holy Spirit, to see if she really wants to obey God. To attend this wedding she must be "born again" as a spirit being. When Messiah returns, he will spend the second half of his week of seven years in Daniel 9:26-27 confirming the covenant with Israel and writing his laws in her heart and mind (Heb. 8:6-10) -- "in the fleshly tables" of her heart (Jer. 31:33; Ez. 11:19-20). His second marriage to Israel will occur in Revelation 19:7-9 and is described in 2 Corinthians 11:2.
Which Day Is Pentecost -- Sivan 6 or Sunday?
Leviticus 23:11 says the sheaf is waved on "the morrow after the sabbath." BUT WHICH SABBATH? A WEEKLY SATURDAY or an ANNUAL SABBATH -- NISAN 15? If we use NISAN 15 as both the Hillel and Shammai Pharisees did (M. Hag. 2:4; Mena. 10:3), Pentecost is anchored to Sivan 5, 6 or 7 and will float around any day of the week. If we use a WEEKLY SABBATH as the Sadducees did (TB Men. 65b; Mishnah Men. 10:3; Mishnah Hagigah 2:4), SUNDAY PENTECOST floats between Sivan 6 and Sivan 12. One is tied to the day of the MONTH, the other to the day of the WEEK. Which is right?
First, Leviticus 23:15-16 says, "And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath ... seven SABBATHS shall be complete: Even unto the morrow after the seventh SABBATH shall ye number fifty days." The word "SHABBATH" here in this verse always means "REST" and never means "WEEK" anywhere in the Bible. The word "SHABUWA" found in Deuteronomy 16:9 always means "WEEK" and never means "REST." If the word "SHABBATH" in any way meant "SEVEN," then it would not have been possible to refer to the annual holy days as "SHABBATHS" since they have no relation to "SEVEN." But "SHABBATH" is applied to the holy days. Furthermore, since the word "SHABBATH" means "REST DAY," it would pollute its meaning to say it also means "A WEEK." A WEEK includes SIX WORK DAYS.
Second, if the expression "the morrow after the SABBATH" in verse 15 is supposed to mean "the day after the annual holy day," then it would follow that the expression "the morrow after the seventh SABBATH" in verse 16 really should mean "the day after the seventh annual holy day" since the same Hebrew word "SHABBATH" is used in both places. But that doesn't make sense.
Third, the instructions for counting the interval up to Pentecost are found in two different passages. Leviticus 23:15-16 tells us to count seven SABBATH DAYS. Deuteronomy 16:9-10 tells us to count seven WEEKS. The only way these two scriptures can be reconciled is to have the counting start on SUNDAY -- the day after the weekly Sabbath day.
Fourth, there is NO REASON TO COUNT Pentecost if it is always on Sivan 6. Counting would be pointless. Opponents argue that since months can have 29 or 30 days, we don't know if Sivan is the 5th, 6th, or 7th. But what they're really saying is that they don't follow the Pharisees that they claim to follow -- who "sit in Moses' seat" (Matt.23:2). The JEWS USE ONLY SIVAN 6 but even TB Shabbat 86b gives Sivan 6 or 7 as the date for the giving of the Law on Sinai.
Fifth, Joshua 5:10-12 shows they ATE the grain of the land (harvest) the DAY AFTER PASSOVER. Since the wave sheaf had to occur BEFORE they ate the harvest, and since the wave sheaf occurred ON the "sabbath," we know the Passover must have been that sabbath. Since Passover is Nisan 14, it had to be a WEEKLY rather than an ANNUAL sabbath since "morrow after" Nisan 15 (Lev.23:11) would place it a day LATER than here in Joshua. But opponents argue that Passover is the 15th, not the 14th. Yet we see clearly from the gospels TWO CONSECUTIVE Passovers. Christ celebrated the FIRST which was NOT A FEAST (John 13:1) OR A SABBATH since Christ ordered food to be bought (John 13:28-30). The Jews would never have allowed an execution on a HOLY DAY either. The Pharisees celebrated the SECOND on NISAN 15 which was a FEAST, a "SABBATH" and a "HIGH DAY" (John 19:31).
Sixth, JESUS was the true WAVE SHEAF who was ACCEPTED on SUNDAY. Therefore the "sabbath" had to be a WEEKLY SABBATH, NOT the ANNUAL SABBATH (first holy day) in "morrow after the sabbath" (Lev.23:11). If NISAN 15 was the wave sheaf, he would have been ACCEPTED THURSDAY. But he was DEAD in a tomb on THURSDAY. John 20:17 and Matthew 28:1and 9 show that Christ was ACCEPTED on SUNDAY. First "Jesus saith unto her, TOUCH ME NOT; for I am not yet ASCENDED to my FATHER. But go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ASCEND unto my FATHER and your Father, and to my God and your God" (John 20:17). Then later, "they came and HELD HIM by the feet" (Matt.28:1,9). They TOUCHED him. Pentecost (Acts 2:1) fell 50 days after this "WAVE SHEAF SUNDAY"
Seventh, Matthew 23:2-3 says, "The scribes and the PHARISEES sit in Moses' seat. All, therefore, WHATEVER THEY BID YOU OBSERVE,
that OBSERVE and DO." Therefore our opponents argue that we should follow the PHARISEES today who observe SIVAN 6 as Pentecost. Even PAUL was proud of being a PHARISEE, they argue (Acts 23:6; Phil.3:4-6). The fallacy with this reasoning is that the PHARI-SEES were often WRONG doctrinally. Jesus said, "except your righteousness shall EXCEED the RIGHTEOUSNESS of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 5:20). Sivan 6 was one of their errors. Furthermore, Moses' seat was NOT DOCTRINAL. Instead it was ADMINISTRATIVE and LITIGATIONAL -- like an admonition to obey the POLICE and JUDGES today. Christ and the apostles kept PASSOVER on a DIFFERENT DAY than the Pharisees (John 18:28). The Pharisees were WRONG ABOUT the SABBATH (John 9:16; Matt.12:9-14). They were WRONG ABOUT HANDWASHING (Matt.15:1; Mark 7:1-5). WRONG ON TRADITION (Matt.15:1; Mark 7:1-5) and about EATING WITH SINNERS (Matt.9:11; Luke 5:30). They believed in an IMMORTAL SOUL (Antiquities 18:1:3) and LOVED FLATTERING TITLES (Matt.23:6; Luke 11:43). They believed in FATE (Wars 2:8:14) and were WRONG ABOUT CHRIST (Matt.9:34; 12:24; John 8:13). The Pharisees even DISAGREED AMONG THEMSELVES (Acts 5:34-39; 26:5; Php.3:5).
Paul, speaking about his Pharisaic training, said, "But what things were gain to me, those I counted LOSS for Christ.... and do count them but DUNG" (Phil. 3:7-8). Was he referring to the SIVAN 6 Pentecost? Christ said, "But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For ye SHUT UP THE KINGDOM of heaven AGAINST MEN ... ye make (a proselyte) ... TWOFOLD MORE the CHILD OF HELL than yourselves.... ye BLIND GUIDES ... Ye SERPENTS, ye generation of VIPERS, how can ye escape the DAMNATION OF HELL?" (Matt.23:13-33). Yet some men want us to follow the Pharisees today. Even the Pharisees admit that PENTECOST used to fall on OTHER DAYS of the month beside Sivan 6 (The Biblical & Hist. Background of the Jewish Holy Days by A. P. Bloch, pp.179-181).
We keep Pentecost the way the Saduccees did, supported by the Boethusians, Karaites, Samaritans and even Quartodecimans, but WE DON'T FOLLOW THE SADDUCEES. It's just that they were SOMETIMES RIGHTdoctrinally. For example, they DIDN'T believe in FATE (Ant.13:5:9), DIDN'T believe in an IMMORTAL SOUL and DIDN'T believe in the Pharisees' ORAL TRADITIONS (Talmud) (Ant.13:10:6; 18:1:4; Wars 2:8:14). But "Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed on him?" (John 7:48). The implied answer is "No." Even though the Pharisees were largely in control at the time of Christ (Ant. 13:10:5-6), we still find that Luke 6:1 records the SADDUCEAN WAY of reckoning Pentecost by naming a particular Sabbath the "SECOND-FIRST Sabbath." Each group had a separate celebration in Jerusalem. Furthermore, Sivan 6 would fall on a Sunday in some years, so the Saduccees and Pharisees were occasionally IN HARMONY and Paul's desire to be at Jerusalem the day of Pentecost (Acts 20:16) could have been for either reason.
Eighth, God has a particular PATTERN he uses over and over again. Notice it. We count seven complete DAYS from the FIRST DAY of the week to end a week. We count seven complete WEEKS from the FIRST DAY of the FIRST WEEK to come to Pentecost. We count seven NEW MOONS from the FIRST DAY of the FIRST MONTH to arrive at Trumpets. We count seven NEW YEAR'S DAYS from the FIRST DAY of the FIRST AGRICULTURAL YEAR to arrive at the land sabbath. We count seven complete WEEKS OF YEARS from the FIRST DAY of the FIRST WEEK OF YEARS to arrive at the Jubilee.
Notice that we don't count seven days from MONDAYor FRIDAY. We don't count seven moons from the FIFTH day of the NINTH month. We don't count years from the FOURTH month of the THIRD year. Why, then, should we count seven weeks to Pentecost from ANY DAY of the week OTHER THAN the FIRST DAY of the week? SIVAN 6 DOESN'T MAKE SENSE. It doesn't fit the pattern. The Bible clearly says, "seven sabbaths (weeks) shall be COMPLETE: Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath (day) shall ye number fifty days" (Lev.23:15-16 Deut.16:9). How can a week be COMPLETE or a COMPLETE WEEKLY CYCLE if it is from MONDAY to MONDAY or FRIDAY to FRIDAY?
The JUBILEE is COUNTED the same way that PENTECOST is COUNTED. Seven times seven is forty-nine plus one is fifty. The fact of the fifty-day count doesn't alter the seven-day weekly cycle or prevent a new cycle from beginning at the end of forty-nine days (not fifty). It is just a one-time calculation and has no effect on figuring the next Pentecost. In the same way, a new Jubilee occurs after every forty-nine years because the FIFTIETH YEAR is also the FIRST YEAR of a NEW CYCLE just as the FIFTIETH DAY is the FIRST DAY of a NEW WEEK.
Ninth, critics argue that Christ, the apostles and Paul quoted from the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament (LXX) in most of their New Testament references to the Old Testament and the Septuagint says "On the morrow of the FIRST DAY" of Unleavened Bread (Lev.23:11). Therefore, it is argued, they gave their approval to a Nisan-15-Sabbath type of reckoning. The Septuagint translation was probably made from 285 to 150 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt because the Jews returning from Babylon and elsewhere had forgotten their Hebrew language. Greek was the common tongue of these Jews from many lands. TheSeptuagint put the scriptures into the hands of the people. Thus a majority of O.T. quotations found in the N.T. are from the Septuagint. Much terminology of the Greek N.T. has its basis in the Septuagint also.
There are MANY QUOTATIONS in which the HEBREW, SEPTUAGINT, and the N.T. AGREE.
There is a LARGER number of quotations where the SEPTUAGINT is FOLLOWED -- NOT the HEBREW. Such, for instance, is the case in Hebrews 1:6, where the quotation "let all the angels of God worship Him" is quoted word for word from the LXX of Deuteronomy 32:43, but this is entirely absent from the Hebrew text of that passage. Again Matthew 19:5 "For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife; and the twain shall become one flesh," is from the LXX of Genesis 2:24, not from the Hebrew. Also Hebrews 10:5 says, "A body hast thou prepared Me" which is taken from the LXX of Psalm 40:6. The Hebrew reads "ears hast thou digged for Me, " as in the margin of the Revised Version.
There are still a LARGER number of cases where the New Testament quote DIFFERS FROM BOTH the HEBREW and the SEPTUAGINT. Thus, Romans 11:8, "God gave them a spirit of stupor" is neither from the Hebrew nor from the LXX of Isaiah 29:10, each of which has "the Lord has poured upon you the spirit of slumber." Again, Ephesians 4:8, "When he ascended on high, He led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men" is from neither the Hebrew nor the Greek of Psalm 68:18.
There are SOME cases where the HEBREW is PARTLY followed and PARTLY the LXX and PARTLY NEITHER. This is the case , for instance, in Matthew 12:17-21, which chiefly follows the Hebrew of Isaiah 42:1-3, departs from both Hebrew and LXX in the clause "Till he send forth judgment unto victory," and finishes by following the LXX. Hebrews 10:30 says, "Vengeance belongeth unto Me, I will recompense" and is neither altogether from the Hebrew nor from the LXX of Deuteronomy There are a few where the SEPTUAGINT has been ALTERED IN QUOTING, in accordance with the HEBREW, as for instance in 2 Timothy 2:19, where the words "The Lord knoweth them that are His" are from the LXX of Numbers 16:5, but the title "God" is changed to "the Lord" as in the Hebrew.
In some cases the HEBREW has been FOLLOWED and NOT the LXX, as in Matthew 2:15, from the Hebrew of Hosea 11:1 (the LXX has "out of Egypt did I call his children") and John 19:37, from the Hebrew of Zechariah 12:10, with the exception of "Him" for "Me" (i.e. interpreting the Hebrew).
Sometimes ONE N.T. writer ADOPTS the HEBREW and ANOTHER ADOPTS the GREEK. Matthew closely follows the Hebrew in Matthew 8:17, "Himself took our infirmities, and bear our diseases," from Isaiah 53:4,5. Peter in 1 Peter 2:24 follows the LXX (pp.82-85, Divine Inspiration of the Bible by W.E. Vine).
Matthew's gospel seems to be INDEPENDENT of the SEPTUAGINT entirely (P.E.O.T.B. 5:346). Papias (c.130 A.D.) said that "Matthew wrote the sayings (of Jesus) in Hebrew, and each one translated them as he was able." (Eusebius Hist. Eccl. 3:39). The SEPTUAGINT'S books of Proverbs and Job are "inadequate" beside the Masoretic Text. Job is "one sixth shorter" than it should be. The text of Jeremiah is "markedly different" from the Masoretic and Isaiah is a "very free" translation compared to the Masoretic (Interpreter's Dictionary 4:276-277). Therefore, using these facts and the New Testament as our guide, we must SOMETIMES QUOTE FROM, and SOMETIMES DEPART FROM, the SEPTUAGINT. Furthermore, Leviticus 23:11 is NEVER QUOTED in the New Testament.
First-Fruits Are One-Sixtieth of Entire Produce
On Pentecost, farmers would bring the FIRSTFRUITS of the harvest to the priest. As God said in Numbers 18:12, "the FIRST FRUITS of them which they shall offer unto the Eternal, them have I given thee. And whatsoever is FIRST RIPE in the land, which they shall bring unto the Eternal, shall be thine ... EVERYTHING that OPENETH THE MATRIX (womb) in all flesh, which they bring unto the Eternal, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine; nevertheless the FIRSTBORN of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the FIRSTLING of unclean beast shalt thou redeem ... for ... five shekels." A silver shekel was .367 troy oz. and would be worth about $2.20. Thus, five shekels would be about $11.00.
As Nehemiah 10:34-37 says, "we cast lots among the priests, the Levites, and the people ... to bring the FIRST FRUITS of our ground, and the FIRST FRUITS of all fruit of all trees, year by year, unto the house of the Eternal: Also the FIRST-BORN of our sons, and of our cattle, as it is written in the law, and the FIRSTLINGS of our herds and
of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, unto the priests who minister in the house of our God; And that we should bring the FIRSTFRUITS of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, of wine and of oil, unto the priests, to the chambers of the house of our God; and the TITHES of our ground unto the Levites." "And the FIRST of all the FIRST FRUITS of all things ... shall be the priest's; ye shall also give unto the priest the FIRST of your dough, that he may cause the blessing to rest in thine house" (Ez.44:30).
"Thou shalt take of the FIRST OF ALL THE FRUIT of the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the Eternal thy God giveth thee, and shalt PUT IT IN A BASKET, and shalt go unto the place which the Eternal thy God shall choose to place his name there (at Pentecost bring an extra offering of money to church or synagogue). And thou shalt GO UNTO THE PRIEST (Christ is our high priest) who shall be in those days, and say unto him (in silent prayer), I profess this day unto the Eternal thy God, that I am come unto the country which the Eternal swore unto our fathers to give us (America). And the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand, and set it down before the altar of the Eternal thy God. And thou shalt speak and say before the Eternal thy God (in prayer), A Syrian ready to perish was my father (Jacob -- Gen.25:20), and he went down into Egypt and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous. And the Egyptians evil entreated (badly treated) us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage; And when we cried unto the Eternal God of our fathers, the Eternal heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labor, and our oppression.
And the Eternal brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness (awe-inspiring terror), and with signs, and with wonders; And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land ("My country, 'tis of thee"), even a land that floweth with milk and honey ("amber waves of grain" and "the fruited plain"). And now, behold, I have brought the FIRST FRUITS of the land, which thou, O Eternal, hast given me. And thou shalt SET IT BEFORE the ETERNAL thy GOD, and WORSHP before the Eternal thy God. And thou shalt REJOICE in every good thing which the Eternal thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the stranger who is among you" (Deut.26:2-11).
Bikkurim 1:6 and 1:10 say that FIRSTFRUITS can be brought any time from PENTECOST to TABERNACLES -- not just once.
This scripture must be RECITED SILENTLY by every Jewish Christian on the Feast of Firstfruits after he has brought his monetary offering to the minister or rabbi. According to B.T. Hullin 137b, firstfruits amounted to ONE SIXTIETH of the entire produce. So perhaps 1.67 PERCENT of a year's income would be comparable. Give this money to some worthy Biblical cause. God holds each Jewish Christian responsible for making sure his money is not given to any unworthy cause. Ask how the money will be spent.
How could the FEAST of PENTECOST be abolished when it HASN'T even BEEN FULFILLED yet? It pictures both PAST and FUTURE events. It is a MEMORIAL and a SHADOW at the same time. It also describes part of the on-going PLAN of SALVATION which certainly isn't abolished -- not just the giving of the law (TB Shabbat 86b) or the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit back the
The 613 Jewish commandments (mitzvot in Hebrew) extracted from the Old Testament.
1. To know there is a God.
(Exodus 20:2)
2. To have not other gods.
(Exodus 20:3)
3. To know that He is one.
(Deuteronomy 6:4)
4. To love Him.
(Deuteronomy 6:5)
5. To fear Him.
(Deuteronomy 10:20)
6. To sanctify His Name.
(Leviticus 22:32)
7. Not to profane His Name.
(Leviticus 22:32)
8. To worship Him as He has ordered and not destroy holy objects.
(Deuteronomy 12:4)
9. To listen to the true prophet.
(Deuteronomy 18:15)
10. Not to test the prophet.
(Deuteronomy 6:16)
11. To emulate His ways.
(Deuteronomy 28:9)
12. To be with those who only worship Him.
(Deuteronomy 10:20)
13. To love your neighbor as yourself.
(Leviticus 19:18)
14. To love converts.
(Deuteronomy 10:19)
15. Not to hate your brother in your heart.
(Leviticus 19:17)
16. To reprove your brother when necessary.
(Leviticus 19:17)
17. Not to embarrass others.
(Leviticus 19:17)
18. Not to oppress the weak.
(Exodus 22:21)
19. Not to slander.
(Leviticus 19:16)
20. Not to take revenge.
(Leviticus 19:18)
21. Not to bear a grudge.
(Leviticus 19:18)
22. Teach Torah to your children.
(Deuteronomy 6:7)
23. To respect and defer to the elders.
(Leviticus 19:32)
24. Do not turn to the ways of idol worship.
(Leviticus 19:4)
25. Let the fringes on your clothes remind you to have pure conduct.
(Numbers 15:39)
26. Not to blaspheme or curse a judge.
(Exodus 22:27)
27. Not to worship idols.
(Exodus 20:5)
28. Not to bow down to idols.
(Exodus 20:5)
29. Not to make an idol.
(Exodus 20:4)
30. Not to make or cast an image.
(Leviticus 19:4)
31. Not to make gods of silver or gold.
(Exodus 20:20)
32. Not to turn a people to idolatry.
(Exodus 23:13)
33. To destroy a city that has turned to idol worship.
(Deuteronomy 13:17)
34. Not to rebuild that city.
(Deuteronomy 13:17)
35. Not to retain any benefit from that city.
(Deuteronomy 13:18)
36. Not to missionize a person to idol worship.
(Deuteronomy 13:12)
37. Not to love the missionary.
(Deuteronomy 13:9)
38. Not to stop hating him.
(Deuteronomy 13:9)
39. Not to save him.
(Deuteronomy 13:9)
40. Not to speak in his defense.
(Deuteronomy 13:9)
41. Not to refrain from incriminating him.
(Deuteronomy 13:9)
42. Not to prophesize in idolatry.
(Deuteronomy 18:20)
43. To ignore the false prophet.
(Deuteronomy 13:4)
44. Not to prophesize falsely in God's name.
(Deuteronomy 18:20)
45. Not to fear killing a false prophet.
(Deuteronomy 18:22)
46. Never swear in the name of an idol.
(Exodus 23:13)
47. Not to perform as or acknowledge those who purport to channel spirits.
(Leviticus 19:31)
48. Not to perform as or consult fortunetellers.
(Leviticus 19:31)
49. Not to burn your children in a sacrificial fire to Molech.
(Leviticus 18:21)
50. Not to erect a stone pillar in a place of public worship.
(Deuteronomy 16:22)
51. Not to erect an idol or bow down on a smooth stone for worship.
(Leviticus 26:1)
52. Not to plant a tree as a sacred pole.
(Deuteronomy 16:21)
53. Destroy idols, their accessories, and the places where they were worshipped.
(Deuteronomy 12:2)
54. Do not derive benefit from idols or bring abominations home.
(Deuteronomy 7:26)
55. Do not derive benefit from the gold and silver accessories of idols.
(Deuteronomy 7:25)
56. Make no covenant with Canaanites or their gods.
(Deuteronomy 7:2)
57. Show them no favor.
(Deuteronomy 7:2)
58. Not to let them dwell in your land.
(Exodus 23:33)
59. Not to imitate their customs and clothing.
(Leviticus 20:23)
60. Not to be superstitious.
(Leviticus 19:26)
61. To not self-induce a trance to foresee events or tolerate soothsayers.
(Deuteronomy 18:10)
62. Not to engage in astrology.
(Leviticus 19:26)
63. Not to say incantations or cast spells.
(Deuteronomy 18:11)
64. Not to attempt contacting the dead.
(Deuteronomy 18:11)
65. Not to consult with mediums.
(Deuteronomy 18:11)
66. Not to converse with wizards.
(Deuteronomy 18:11)
67. Not to do sorcery.
(Deuteronomy 18:10)
68. To not cut your hair at the temples.
(Leviticus 19:27)
69. To not shave your beard.
(Leviticus 19:27)
70. Men must not wear women's clothes.
(Deuteronomy 22:5)
71. Women must not wear men's clothes.
(Deuteronomy 22:5)
72. Not to tattoo your skin.
(Leviticus 19:28)
73. Not to tear your skin for idolatry or mourning.
(Deuteronomy 14:1)
74. Not to shave your head in mourning.
(Deuteronomy 14:1)
75. Wrongdoers must correct their ways and confess before God.
(Numbers 5:7)
76. Recite the central prayers twice daily and always study Torah, wherever you are.
(Deuteronomy 6:7)
77. Serve God with prayer.
(Exodus 23:25)
78. The priests, who are the sons of Aaron, must bless the nation.
(Numbers 6:23)
79. To wear phylacteries so the laws will be a pendant on your forehead.
(Deuteronomy 6:8)
80. To bind phylacteries so that the laws will be a sign on the arm.
(Deuteronomy 6:8)
81. To put up a Mezuzah so that the laws will be on the doorposts of your house.
(Deuteronomy 6:9)
82. Each male must write a Torah scroll.
(Deuteronomy 31:19)
83. The king must write a second Torah scroll.
(Deuteronomy 17:18)
84. To have fringes on the corners of your garments.
(Numbers 15:38)
85. Bless God after meals.
(Deuteronomy 8:10)
86. To circumcise every male on the eighth day.
(Leviticus 12:3)
87. To rest on the seventh day.
(Exodus 23:12)
88. Not to do prohibited work on the seventh day.
(Exodus 20:10)
89. The court must not inflict punishment on the Sabbath.
(Exodus 35:3)
90. Stay near home and within city bounds on the Sabbath.
(Exodus 16:29)
91. To remember and sanctify the Sabbath by blessing wine and lighting the conclusionary candle.
(Exodus 20:8)
92. To perform self-denial and to rest from exertion on Yom Kippur.
(Leviticus 23:32)
93. Not to do prohibited labor.
(Leviticus 23:31)
94. To afflict yourself.
(Leviticus 16:29)
95. Not to eat or drink.
(Leviticus 23:29)
96. To rest on the first day of Passover.
(Leviticus 23:8)
97. To do no work on the first day of Passover.
(Leviticus 23:8)
98. To rest on the seventh day of Passover.
(Leviticus 23:8)
99. To do no work on the seventh day of Passover.
(Leviticus 23:8)
100. To rest on the first day of Pentecost.
(Leviticus 23:21)
101. To do no work on the first day of Pentecost.
(Leviticus 23:21)
102. To rest on the New Year (the first day of the seventh month).
(Leviticus 23:24)
103. To do no work on Rosh Hashana, the New Year.
(Leviticus 23:25)
104. To rest on the first day of Sukkot, the Feast of Booths.
(Leviticus 23:35)
105. The first day of Sukkot, the Feast of Booths, is sacred. Do no work.
(Leviticus 23:35)
106. To rest on the eighth day of the Feast of Booths, Shimini Atzeret.
(Leviticus 23:36)
107. To do no work on the eighth day of the Feast of Booths.
(Leviticus 23:36)
108. To not eat leaven past noon on the day of Passover.
(Deuteronomy 16:3)
109. To destroy all leaven on Passover.
(Exodus 12:15)
110. Not to eat leaven all seven days of Passover.
(Exodus 13:3)
111. Not to eat anything containing leaven during Passover.
(Exodus 12:20)
112. No leaven shall be found in your domain during Passover.
(Exodus 13:7)
113. Not to find any leaven in your house all seven days of Passover.
(Exodus 12:19)
114. To eat matzoh on the first night of Passover.
(Exodus 12:18)
115. On that night to explain the meaning of Passover.
(Exodus 13:8)
116. To hear the Shofar, the ram's horn trumpet, on the first day of Tishrei, the seventh month (Rosh Hashanah).
(Numbers 29:1)
117. To dwell in a Sukka (booth) for the seven days of the festival.
(Leviticus 23:42)
118. To take up a Lulav (palm branch) and an Etrog (citron).
(Leviticus 23:40)
119. Families shall pay an annual half-shekel temple tax.
(Exodus 30:13)
120. The courts must calculate the day on which the new month begins.
(Exodus 12:2)
121. To afflict and cry out (blow the trumpets) before God in times of catastrophe.
(Numbers 10:9)
122. A man should contractually marry a woman before living with her.
(Deuteronomy 24:1)
123. Not to have relations with women who are not acquired thus. (An Israelite man or woman cannot be a prostitute.)
(Deuteronomy 23:18)
124. Not to withhold food, clothing, and relations from your wife.
(Exodus 21:10)
125. To have children from her.
(Genesis 1:28)
126. A divorced wife must receive a written bill of divorce.
(Deuteronomy 24:1)
127. A man cannot remarry his divorced wife.
(Deuteronomy 24:4)
128. To marry a childless brother's widow.
(Deuteronomy 25:5)
129. To free a childless widow from the obligation to marry her brother-in-law.
(Deuteronomy 25:9)
130. The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law are removed.
(Deuteronomy 25:5)
131. The court must fine one who seduces a maiden.
(Exodus 22:15-16)
132. The rapist must marry the maiden.
(Deuteronomy 22:29)
133. He must not divorce her.
(Deuteronomy 22:29)
134. The slanderer must remain married to his wife.
(Deuteronomy 22:19)
135. He must not divorce her.
(Deuteronomy 22:19)
136. To take procedures against a suspected adultress.
(Numbers 5:30)
137. A jealous husband must take his wife to the priests and not put oil on her meal offering.
(Numbers 5:15)
138. A suspected wife is to be accompanied by a meal offering that contains no frankincense.
(Numbers 5:15)
139. Not to have relations with your mother.
(Leviticus 18:7)
140. Not to have relations with your father's wife.
(Leviticus 18:8)
141. Not to have relations with your sister.
(Leviticus 18:9)
142. Not to have relations with your father's wife's daughter.
(Leviticus 18:11)
143. Not to have relations with your son's daughter.
(Leviticus 18:10)
144. Not to have relations with your daughter.
(Leviticus 18:10)
145. Not to have relations with your daughter's daughter.
(Leviticus 18:10)
146. Not to marry a woman and her daughter.
(Leviticus 18:17)
147. Not to marry a woman and her son's daughter.
(Leviticus 18:17)
148. Not to marry a woman and her daughter's daughter.
(Leviticus 18:17)
149. Not to have relations with your father's sister.
(Leviticus 18:12)
150. Not to have relations with your mother's sister.
(Leviticus 18:13)
151. Not to have relations with your father's brother's wife (same father).
(Leviticus 18:14)
152. Not to have relations with your son's wife.
(Leviticus 18:15)
153. Not to have relations with your brother's wife (same father and/or mother).
(Leviticus 18:16)
154. Not to have relations with your wife's sister.
(Leviticus 18:18)
155. A man must not have relations with a beast.
(Leviticus 18:23)
156. A woman must not have relations with a beast.
(Leviticus 18:23)
157. Not to have homosexual relations.
(Leviticus 18:22)
158. Not to have homosexual relations with your father.
(Leviticus 18:7)
159. Not to have homosexual relations with your father's brother.
(Leviticus 18:14)
160. Not to have relations with a married woman.
(Leviticus 18:20)
161. Not to have relations with a menstrually unclean woman.
(Leviticus 18:19)
162. Not to marry Gentiles.
(Deuteronomy 7:3)
163. Not to let Moabite and Ammonite males marry into the Jewish people.
(Deuteronomy 23:4)
164. Don't abhor or keep third-generation Edomite and Egyptian converts from marrying into the Jewish nation.
(Deuteronomy 23:8-9)
165. Not to abhor or refrain from marrying a third-generation Edomite or Egyptian convert.
(Deuteronomy 23:8-9)
166. A bastard child cannot become an Israelite.
(Deuteronomy 23:3)
167. A eunuch or sexually mutilated man may not enter into the community.
(Deuteronomy 23:2)
168. Not to castrate any male (including animals).
(Leviticus 22:24)
169. The High Priest must not marry a widow.
(Leviticus 21:14)
170. The High Priest must not have relations with a widow.
(Leviticus 21:14)
171. The High Priest must marry a virgin.
(Leviticus 21:13)
172. A priest must not marry a divorcée.
(Leviticus 21:7)
173. A priest may not marry a prostitute.
(Leviticus 21:7)
174. A priest must not marry a defiled woman.
(Leviticus 21:7)
175. Not to have pleasurable physical contact with any forbidden woman.
(Leviticus 18:6)
176. To examine animals that are permitted as food.
(Leviticus 11:2)
177. To be careful to eat only clean birds.
(Deuteronomy 14:11)
178. To distinguish which sea creatures are fit to eat.
(Leviticus 11:9)
179. To distinguish which winged insects may be eaten.
(Leviticus 11:21)
180. Not to eat unclean animals.
(Leviticus 11:4)
181. Not to eat forbidden birds.
(Leviticus 11:13)
182. Not to eat sea creatures without fins and scales.
(Leviticus 11:11)
183. Not to eat unclean flying insects.
(Deuteronomy 14:19)
184. Small swarming insects and unclean creatures that crawl on land are forbidden as food.
(Leviticus 11:41)
185. Not to eat maggots.
(Leviticus 11:44)
186. Not to eat snakes, scorpions, and the worms found on the ground (after leaving the fruit).
(Leviticus 11:42)
187. Not to eat creatures that live in water, other than fish.
(Leviticus 11:43)
188. Not to eat of an animal that died without ritual slaughter.
(Deuteronomy 14:21)
189. Not to eat an ox that was condemned to be stoned.
(Exodus 21:28)
190. Not to eat meat of a mortally wounded animal.
(Exodus 22:30)
191. Not to eat a limb torn off from a living creature.
(Deuteronomy 12:23)
192. Not to eat blood.
(Leviticus 3:17)
193. Not to eat the fat of some clean animals.
(Leviticus 3:17)
194. Not to eat the thigh muscle.
(Genesis. 32:33)
195. Not to eat milk and meat cooked together.
(Exodus 23:19)
196. Not to cook milk and meat together.
(Exodus 34:26)
197. Not to eat bread from the new grain harvest.
(Leviticus 23:14)
198. Roasted grains must be offered before they are eaten.
(Leviticus 23:14)
199. Not to eat ripe grains from the new grain harvest before they are made as an offering.
(Leviticus 23:14)
200. Not to eat the fruit of a tree for the first three years.
(Leviticus 19:23)
201. At the risk of forfeiture, not to eat of diverse seeds planted in a vineyard.
(Deuteronomy 22:9)
202. No one may eat produce for an offering, or untithed food.
(Leviticus 22:15)
203. Not to eat or drink anything offered as sacrifice to an idol.
(Deuteronomy 32:38)
204. To ritually slaughter an animal before eating it.
(Deuteronomy 12:21)
205. Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day.
(Leviticus 22:28)
206. The blood of a slaughtered wild animal must be covered with dirt.
(Leviticus 17:13)
207. Not to take a nesting bird with her eggs and young.
(Deuteronomy 22:6)
208. To release the mother bird if you did not take her.
(Deuteronomy 22:7)
209. Not to swear falsely in God's Name.
(Leviticus 19:12)
210. Not to take God's Name in vain.
(Exodus 20:7)
211. To not lie or deal falsely, or deny that something of value was left in your possession.
(Leviticus 19:11)
212. To not swear falsely.
(Leviticus 19:11)
213. To swear in God's Name only to confirm the truth, when deemed necessary by the courts.
(Deuteronomy 10:20)
214. To keep your promises and vows to God.
(Deuteronomy 23:24)
215. Not to break oaths or vows.
(Numbers 30:3)
216. To have vows and oaths annulled according to law.
(Numbers 30:3)
217. The Nazirite must let his hair grow.
(Numbers 6:5)
218. The Nazirite must not cut his hair.
(Numbers 6:5)
219. The Nazirite must not drink wine, wine mixtures, or wine vinegar.
(Numbers 6:3)
220. The Nazirite must not eat fresh grapes.
(Numbers 6:3)
221. The Nazirite must not eat raisins or drink anything steeped in grapes.
(Numbers 6:3)
222. The Nazirite must not eat grape seeds.
(Numbers 6:4)
223. The Nazirite must not eat grape skins or grapes dried on the vine.
(Numbers 6:4)
224. A Nazirite may not enter where there is a dead person.
(Numbers 6:6)
225. A Nazirite must not come in contact with the dead.
(Numbers 6:7)
226. A Nazirite must shave his head after the completion of his vowed service.
(Numbers 6:18)
227. To estimate the value of persons for whom offerings are paid.
(Leviticus 27:2)
228. For priests to estimate the value of animal offerings.
(Leviticus 27:12-13)
229. For priests to estimate the value of consecrated houses.
(Leviticus 27:14)
230. To determine the redemption value of a vowed field.
(Leviticus 27:16)
231. Fulfill the procedures of vowed possessions.
(Leviticus 27:28)
232. Not to sell vowed possessions.
(Leviticus 27:28)
233. Not to redeem any vowed possessions.
(Leviticus 27:28)
234. Not to plant diverse seeds together.
(Leviticus 19:19)
235. Not to plant grains or greens in a vineyard.
(Deuteronomy 22:9)
236. Not to crossbreed animals.
(Leviticus 19:19)
237. Not to work different animals together.
(Deuteronomy 22:10)
238. Not to wear cloth woven of both wool and linen.
(Deuteronomy 22:11)
239. No to reap your harvest to the edge of the field, but leave a corner uncut for the poor.
(Leviticus 19:10)
240. Not to reap that corner but to leave fruit and grain for the poor.
(Leviticus 19:9)
241. To leave gleanings.
(Leviticus 19:9)
242. Not to gather the gleanings.
(Leviticus 19:9)
243. Not to pick your vineyard bare.
(Leviticus 19:10)
244. Not to gather the gleanings of a vineyard.
(Leviticus 19:10)
245. To not gather the fallen fruit of the vineyard.
(Leviticus 19:10)
246. Not to pick the unformed clusters of grapes.
(Leviticus 19:10)
247. To leave forgotten sheaves in the field or leave a sheaf for the poor.
(Deuteronomy 24:19)
248. Not to retrieve them but leave them for the widow, alien, and orphan.
(Deuteronomy 24:19)
249. To separate the tithe for the poor.
(Deuteronomy 14:28)
250. To give charity.
(Deuteronomy 15:11)
251. Not to withhold charity from those in need.
(Deuteronomy 15:7)
252. To set aside a tithed portion of the offerings for the priesthood).
(Deuteronomy 18:4)
253. The Levite must be tithed on his tithe.
(Numbers 18:26)
254. To not delay your agricultural offerings.
(Exodus 22:28)
255. A layperson may not eat from a sacred donation.
(Leviticus 22:10)
256. A servant of a priest may not eat from a sacred donation.
(Leviticus 22:10)
257. An uncircumcised priest may not eat from a sacred donation.
(Exodus 12:48)
258. A priest in a state of impurity may not eat from a sacred donation.
(Leviticus 22:4)
259. A priest's daughter married to a layman may not eat from a sacred donation.
(Leviticus 22:12)
260. Levites are to receive earmarked tithes each planting year.
(Numbers 18:24)
261. To set aside the Second Tithe.
(Deuteronomy 14:22)
262. Not to spend its redemption value on anything other than food, drink, or ointment.
(Deuteronomy 26:14)
263. Not to eat from the Tithe while unclean.
(Deuteronomy 26:14)
264. A mourner must not eat the Second Tithe on the first day of mourning.
(Deuteronomy 26:14)
265. Not to eat grains from the Second Tithe outside Jerusalem.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
266. Not to consume Second-Tithe wine products outside Jerusalem.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
267. Not to consume Second-Tithe oil outside Jerusalem.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
268. The fourth-year crops must be totally for holy purposes.
(Leviticus 19:24)
269. To read the confession of tithes every fourth and seventh years.
(Deuteronomy 26:13)
270. To bring the first fruits into the temple.
(Exodus 23:19)
271. The priests must not eat the first fruits outside Jerusalem.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
272. To read the Torah portion pertaining to their presentation.
(Deuteronomy 26:5)
273. When baking, set aside some dough for the priesthood.
(Numbers 15:20)
274. To give the shoulder, two cheeks, and the stomach of a sacrificed animal to the priesthood.
(Deuteronomy 18:3)
275. To give the first shearing of sheep to the priesthood.
(Deuteronomy 18:4)
276. A father must redeem the firstborn son and give the money to the priesthood.
(Numbers 18:15)
277. To redeem each firstborn donkey with a lamb given to the priesthood.
(Exodus 13:13)
278. To break the neck of the firstborn donkey if the owner doesn't redeem it.
(Exodus 13:13)
279. To rest the land during the seventh year and do no work, to allow for the rejuvenation of the earth.
(Exodus 34:21)
280. Not to work the land during the seventh year.
(Leviticus 25:4)
281. Not to work with trees (to produce fruit) during the seventh year.
(Leviticus 25:4)
282. Not to harvest wild crops in the seventh year.
(Leviticus 25:5)
283. Not to systematically pick fruit in the seventh year.
(Leviticus 25:5)
284. To leave untouched all produce that grew in the seventh year.
(Exodus 23:11)
285. To relax all loans in the seventh year.
(Deuteronomy 15:3)
286. Not to pressure the debtor in the seventh year.
(Deuteronomy 15:2)
287. Not to refrain from lending in the year of remission for fear of monetary loss.
(Deuteronomy 15:9)
288. The court must count and determine the year of the Jubilee.
(Leviticus 25:8)
289. The court must sanctify the fiftieth year.
(Leviticus 25:10)
290. To sound the ram's horn on Yom Kippur of the Jubilee year, to free the slaves.
(Leviticus 25:9)
291. Not to work the land during the fiftieth year.
(Leviticus 25:11)
292. Not to reap or harvest in the fiftieth year.
(Leviticus 25:11)
293. Not to pick grapes in the usual way and to eat only directly from the vine in the fiftieth year.
(Leviticus 25:11)
294. Follow the laws of sold and family properties.
(Leviticus 25:24)
295. Not to sell land (in Israel) in perpetuity.
(Leviticus 25:23)
296. To follow the laws pertaining to houses in walled cities.
(Leviticus 25:29)
297. The Levites have no inheritance or allotment but will live in cities.
(Deuteronomy 18:2)
298. Levites will not partake in the spoils of war.
(Deuteronomy 18:1)
299. Levites are to be given cities and the surrounding fields.
(Numbers 35:2)
300. Not to sell the fields of the Levites, which will remain their possession before and after the Jubilee year.
(Leviticus 25:34)
301. To build a Sanctuary.
(Exodus 25:8)
302. Not to build the altar with stones hewn by metal.
(Exodus 20:22)
303. Not to climb steps to the altar.
(Exodus 20:23)
304. To show reverence for the temple.
(Leviticus 19:30)
305. Levites shall guard the temple area.
(Numbers 18:3)
306. Not to leave the temple unguarded.
(Numbers 18:5)
307. To blend the anointing oil.
(Exodus 30:31)
308. Not to duplicate the formula for the anointing oil.
(Exodus 30:32)
309. Not to anoint anyone who isn't a priest or a king with it.
(Exodus 30:32)
310. Not to replicate the incense formula.
(Exodus 30:37)
311. Not to burn anything on the altar besides incense.
(Exodus 30:9)
312. The Levites carry the ark on their shoulders.
(Numbers 7:9)
313. Not to remove the poles from the ark.
(Exodus 25:15)
314. The Levites must work in the temple.
(Numbers 18:23)
315. There are specified duties for the Levites.
(Numbers 18:3)
316. The priest will be dedicated and must be treated as sacred.
(Leviticus 21:8)
317. The priestly work shifts must be equal during holidays.
(Deuteronomy 18:6-8)
318. The priests must wear their priestly garments during the service.
(Exodus 28:2)
319. The priestly garments must not be torn.
(Exodus 28:32)
320. The breastplate must not be loosened from the ephod.
(Exodus 28:28)
321. A priest must not enter the temple when drunk.
(Leviticus 10:9)
322. A priest must not enter the temple with unkempt hair.
(Leviticus 10:6)
323. A priest must not enter the temple with torn clothes.
(Leviticus 10:6)
324. A priest must not enter the sanctuary for no reason.
(Leviticus 16:2)
325. A priest must not leave the temple during the service.
(Leviticus 10:7)
326. To send the impure from the temple.
(Numbers 5:2)
327. Impure persons must not enter the temple.
(Numbers 5:3)
328. Unclean persons must not enter the Temple Mount area.
(Deuteronomy 23:11)
329. Unclean priests cannot do temple service.
(Leviticus 22:2)
330. An impure priest, after immersion, must not return to service until after sundown.
(Leviticus 21:6)
331. A priest must wash his hands and feet before ministering.
(Exodus 30:19)
332. A blemished priest must not enter the temple.
(Leviticus 21:23)
333. A blemished priest must not serve.
(Leviticus 21:17)
334. A temporarily blemished priest must not serve.
(Leviticus 21:18)
335. A non-priest must not serve.
(Numbers 18:4)
336. Blemished animals are unacceptable as offerings.
(Leviticus 22:21)
337. Not to dedicate a blemished animal for the altar.
(Leviticus 22:20)
338. An animal with a discharge must not be slaughtered.
(Leviticus 22:22)
339. Not to sprinkle the blood of a disabled animal.
(Leviticus 22:24)
340. Not to burn the fat of a defective animal.
(Leviticus 22:22)
341. Not to offer an animal with a temporary blemish.
(Deuteronomy 17:1)
342. Not to accept defective offerings even from foreigners.
(Leviticus 22:25)
343. Not to inflict wounds or commit damage upon dedicated animals.
(Leviticus 22:21)
344. To redeem disqualified dedicated animals.
(Deuteronomy 12:15)
345. To offer animals that are at least eight days old.
(Leviticus 22:27)
346. Not to offer animals purchased with the fees of a harlot or an animal exchanged for a dog.
(Deuteronomy 23:19)
347. Not to burn yeast or honey on the altar.
(Leviticus 2:11)
348. To salt all sacrifices.
(Leviticus 2:13)
349. Not to omit the salt from grain offerings.
(Leviticus 2:13)
350. To follow the burnt offering procedures as written in the Torah.
(Leviticus 1:3)
351. Not to eat the meat of a burnt offering.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
352. To carry out the procedure for a sin offering.
(Leviticus 6:18)
353. Not to eat the meat of a sin offering.
(Leviticus 6:23)
354. The priest shall not cut off the head of a bird (sin) offering.
(Leviticus 5:8)
355. To follow the procedures of the guilt offering.
(Leviticus 7:1)
356. The priests must eat the sacrificed meat in the temple.
(Exodus 29:33)
357. Priests must not eat the meat outside the temple.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
358. A non-priest must not eat the sacrificial meat.
(Exodus 29:33)
359. To follow the procedure of the peace offering.
(Leviticus 7:11)
360. Not to eat the meat of minor sacrifices before sprinkling the blood.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
361. To bring meal offerings in the prescribed manner.
(Leviticus 2:1)
362. Not to put oil on the meal offerings of wrongdoers.
(Leviticus 5:11)
363. Not to put frankincense on the meal offerings of wrongdoers.
(Leviticus 5:11)
364. Not to eat the cereal offering of the high priest.
(Leviticus 6:16)
365. Not to bake meal offerings with leaven.
(Leviticus 6:10)
366. The priests must eat the remains of the meal offerings.
(Leviticus 6:9)
367. To bring all freewill offerings to the temple and rejoice.
(Deuteronomy 12:5-6)
368. Not to withhold payment which fulfills a vow to God.
(Deuteronomy 23:22)
369. To offer all sacrifices in the temple.
(Deuteronomy 12:11)
370. To bring all votive offerings to the temple.
(Deuteronomy 12:26)
371. Not to slaughter sacrifices outside the courtyard of the temple.
(Leviticus 17:4)
372. Not to offer any sacrifices outside the courtyard of the temple.
(Deuteronomy 12:13)
373. To offer two lambs every day.
(Numbers 28:3)
374. To light a fire on the altar every day.
(Leviticus 6:5)
375. Not to extinguish this fire.
(Leviticus 6:5)
376. To remove the ashes from the altar every day.
(Leviticus 6:3)
377. To burn incense every day.
(Exodus 30:7)
378. To keep the light burning every day (in the candelabra).
(Exodus 27:21)
379. The High Priest must bring a meal offering every day.
(Leviticus 6:13)
380. To bring two additional lambs as burnt offerings on the Sabbath.
(Numbers 28:9)
381. To make and present the showbread.
(Exodus 25:30)
382. To bring additional offerings of the new moon.
(Numbers 28:11)
383. To bring additional offerings on Passover.
(Numbers 28:19)
384. To bring a wave offering from the meal of the new wheat.
(Leviticus 23:10)
385. To count the seven weeks from the new wheat offering to Pentecost (Shavuot).
(Leviticus 23:15)
386. To bring an additional offering on Shavuot (Pentecost).
(Numbers 28:26)
387. To offer two loaves, which must accompany the above sacrifices.
(Leviticus 23:18)
388. To bring additional offerings on Rosh Hashana, the New Year.
(Numbers 29:2)
389. To bring additional offerings on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.
(Numbers 29:8)
390. To bring additional offerings on Sukkot, the Feast of Booths.
(Numbers 29:13)
391. To bring additional offerings on Shmini Atzeret, the eighth day of the Feast of Booths.
(Numbers 29:35)
392. Not to eat any unfit sacrifices.
(Deuteronomy 14:3)
393. Not to eat sacrifices offered with improper intentions.
(Leviticus 7:18)
394. To eat the Thanksgiving sacrifice on the day it was sacrificed.
(Leviticus 22:30)
395. Not to eat leftover sacrifices.
(Leviticus 19:8)
396. Not to eat from sacrifices that have become impure.
(Leviticus 7:19)
397. An unclean person cannot eat from sacrifices.
(Leviticus 7:20)
398. Sacrificial remains must be burned on the third day.
(Leviticus 7:17)
399. Impure sacrifices must be burnt.
(Leviticus 7:19)
400. To follow the priestly rituals of Yom Kippur.
(Leviticus 16:3)
401. One who uses sacred property for personal use incurs a special penalty and sacrifice.
(Leviticus 5:16)
402. Not to work consecrated animals.
(Deuteronomy 15:19)
403. Not to shear the fleece of consecrated animals.
(Deuteronomy 15:19)
404. To slaughter the Paschal sacrifice at the specified time.
(Exodus 12:6)
405. Not to slaughter the Paschal sacrifice while possessing leaven.
(Exodus 23:18)
406. Not to leave the fat overnight.
(Exodus 23:18)
407. To slaughter the second Paschal Lamb.
(Numbers 9:11)
408. The Paschal Lamb is to be eaten with matzoh on the night it was slaughtered.
(Exodus 12:8)
409. To eat the second Paschal Lamb on the night of the fifteenth of Iyar.
(Numbers 9:11)
410. To roast the Paschal Lamb and not eat it raw or boiled.
(Exodus 12:9)
411. No part of the Paschal Lamb may be removed from the house.
(Exodus 12:46)
412. An apostate must not eat from the Paschal Lamb.
(Exodus 12:43)
413. A hired servant or traveler must not eat from the Paschal Lamb.
(Exodus 12:45)
414. An uncircumcised male must not eat from the Paschal Lamb.
(Exodus 12:48)
415. No bone of the Paschal Lamb shall be broken.
(Exodus 12:46)
416. Not to break any bones from the second Paschal offering.
(Numbers 9:12)
417. Not to leave any of the Lamb over until morning.
(Exodus 12:10)
418. Not to leave the second Paschal meat until morning.
(Numbers 9:12)
419. Eat the Passover meat entirely on the night it is offered.
(Deuteronomy 16:4)
420. To be seen at the temple three times a year—Passover, Shavuot, the Festival of Weeks; and Sukkot, the Festival of Booths.
(Deuteronomy 16:16)
421. To celebrate and bring a peace offering in pilgrimage on these three festivals.
(Exodus 23:14)
422. To rejoice on these three festivals.
(Deuteronomy 16:14)
423. Not to appear at the temple for annual festivals without offerings.
(Deuteronomy 16:16)
424. Not to refrain from rejoicing with and giving gifts to the Levites.
(Deuteronomy 12:19)
425. Every seven years, on Sukkot, the Feast of Booths, to assemble all the people and read the law.
(Deuteronomy 31:12)
426. To consecrate to God the firstborn of man and beast.
(Exodus 13:12)
427. The priests must not eat of the unblemished firstborn animals outside Jerusalem.
(Deuteronomy 12:17)
428. The firstborn of clean animals cannot be redeemed.
(Numbers 18:17)
429. Separate the tithe from the animals.
(Leviticus 27:32)
430. Do not exchange a good animal for a bad for the tithe.
(Leviticus 27:33)
431. Every person must bring a sin offering for his transgression.
(Leviticus 4:27)
432. An unintentional sin requires a sin offering when discovered.
(Leviticus 5:17-18)
433. A guilt offering is required when one deals deceitfully.
(Leviticus 5:25)
434. For certain sins a wealthy person will offer an animal and the poor will offer doves, pigeons, or meal as prescribed.
(Leviticus 5:7-11)
435. The court must bring an offering when it rules in error or when the community sins.
(Leviticus 4:13)
436. A woman with an irregular discharge must bring an offering after she goes to the ritual bath.
(Leviticus 15:28-29)
437. A woman who gives birth must bring an offering after she immerses in the ritual bath.
(Leviticus 12:6)
438. A man who is cured of a chronic discharge must bring an offering after immersing in the ritual bath.
(Leviticus 15:13-14)
439. One who is cured of a skin disease must bring an offering after immersing in the ritual bath.
(Leviticus 14:10)
440. Not to substitute another beast for one scheduled for sacrifice.
(Leviticus 27:10)
441. The new animal, along with the substituted one, retains consecration.
(Leviticus 27:10)
442. Not to change consecrated animals (from one type of offering to another).
(Leviticus 27:26)
443. Everyone under a roof with a corpse is unclean.
(Numbers 19:14)
444. Carry out the procedure of the Red Heifer.
(Numbers 19:9)
445. A clean person sprinkles water on those who are unclean.
(Numbers 19:21)
446. The priest's role is governed by the law when dealing with matters of skin disease.
(Leviticus 13:12)
447. The afflicted must not remove the signs of impurity.
(Deuteronomy 24:8)
448. The afflicted must not shave signs of impurity in his hair.
(Leviticus 13:33)
449. A skin-diseased person will tear his clothes, grow his hair long, and cry out, "unclean, unclean."
(Leviticus 13:45)
450. Carry out the procedure for purifying the person with skin disease.
(Leviticus 14:2)
451. The diseased person must shave off all his hair prior to purification.
(Leviticus 14:9)
452. To discover when a leprous infection is on a garment.
(Leviticus 13:47)
453. To discover when a house is infected by a skin disease.
(Leviticus 14:35)
454. To observe the laws of menstrual impurity.
(Leviticus 15:19)
455. To observe the laws of impurity caused by childbirth.
(Leviticus 12:2)
456. To observe the laws of impurity caused by an irregular discharge.
(Leviticus 15:25)
457. To observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's chronic discharge.
(Leviticus 15:3)
458. To observe the laws of impurity caused by contact with a dead animal.
(Leviticus 11:39)
459. To observe the laws of impurity caused by contact with the eight (named) swarming creatures.
(Leviticus 11:29)
460. Observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission.
(Leviticus 15:16)
461. Observe the laws of impurity concerning liquid and solid foods.
(Leviticus 11:34)
462. Every impure person must immerse himself in a ritual bath to become pure.
(Leviticus 15:16)
463. The court must judge the damages incurred by a goring ox.
(Exodus 21:28)
464. The court must judge the damages incurred by an animal eating in another's field.
(Exodus 22:4)
465. The court must judge the damages incurred by an open pit.
(Exodus 21:33)
466. The court must judge the damages incurred by fire.
(Exodus 22:5)
467. Not to steal money stealthily.
(Leviticus 19:11)
468. The court must implement punitive measures against the thief.
(Exodus 21:37)
469. Each individual must ensure that his scales and weights are accurate.
(Leviticus 19:36)
470. Not to commit injustice with scales and weights.
(Leviticus 19:35)
471. Not to possess inaccurate weights and scales even if they are not for use.
(Deuteronomy 25:13)
472. Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone's property.
(Deuteronomy 19:14)
473. Not to kidnap.
(Exodus 20:13)
474. Not to rob openly.
(Leviticus 19:13)
475. Not to withhold wages or fail to repay a debt.
(Leviticus 19:13)
476. Not to covet and scheme to acquire another's possession.
(Exodus 20:14)
477. Not to desire another's possession.
(Deuteronomy 5:18)
478. Return the robbed object or its value.
(Leviticus 5:23)
479. Not to ignore a lost object.
(Deuteronomy 22:3)
480. Return the lost object.
(Deuteronomy 22:1)
481. The court must implement laws against one who assaults another or damages another's property.
(Exodus 21:18)
482. Not to murder.
(Exodus 20:13)
483. Not to accept money to save a convicted murderer.
(Numbers 35:31)
484. The court must send the accidental murderer to a city of refuge.
(Numbers 35:25)
485. Not to accept monetary restitution instead of sending the accidental murderer to, or releasing him from, a city of refuge.
(Numbers 35:32)
486. Not to kill the murderer before he stands trial.
(Numbers 35:12)
487. To save someone being pursued even by taking the life of the pursuer.
(Deuteronomy 25:12)
488. Not to pity the pursuer.
(Numbers 35:12)
489. Not to stand idly by if someone's life is in danger.
(Leviticus 19:16)
490. Designate refuge cities and prepare routes of access.
(Deuteronomy 19:3)
491. When a murdered person is found in open country and the murder is unsolved, break the neck of a calf by the river valley.
(Deuteronomy 21:4)
492. Not to work that river valley or plant there.
(Deuteronomy 21:4)
493. Not to allow pitfalls and obstacles to remain on your property.
(Deuteronomy 22:8)
494. Make a guardrail around flat roofs.
(Deuteronomy 22:8)
495. Not to put a stumbling block before the blind.
(Leviticus 19:14)
496. Help another remove the load from a beast that can no longer carry it.
(Exodus 23:5)
497. Help others load their beasts.
(Deuteronomy 22:4)
498. Not to leave fallen beasts distraught with their burdens but help to load or unload.
(Deuteronomy 22:4)
499. Buy and sell according to Torah law.
(Leviticus 25:14)
500. Not to overcharge or underpay for an article.
(Leviticus 25:14)
501. Not to insult or harm anybody with words.
(Leviticus 25:17)
502. Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily.
(Exodus 22:20)
503. Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words.
(Exodus 22:20)
504. A Hebrew slave shall be released after six years.
(Exodus 21:2)
505. Not to sell him as a slave is sold.
(Leviticus 25:42)
506. Not to work the slave oppressively.
(Leviticus 25:43)
507. Not to allow a foreigner to work the slave oppressively.
(Leviticus 25:53)
508. Not to have the kinsman slave do menial slave labor.
(Leviticus 25:39)
509. Give the slave gifts when he goes free.
(Deuteronomy 15:14)
510. Not to send the freed slave away empty-handed.
(Deuteronomy 15:13)
511. Redeem Jewish maidservants.
(Exodus 21:8)
512. Betroth the Jewish maidservant.
(Exodus 21:8)
513. The master cannot resell a female servant.
(Exodus 21:8)
514. Canaanite slaves must work forever unless injured in one of their limbs.
(Leviticus 25:46)
515. Not to extradite a slave who fled to (Biblical) Israel.
(Deuteronomy 23:16)
516. Not to wrong a slave who has come to Israel for refuge.
(Deuteronomy 23:17)
517. The courts must carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard.
(Exodus 22:9)
518. Pay wages on the day they were earned.
(Deuteronomy 24:15)
519. Do not delay payment of wages past the agreed time.
(Leviticus 19:13)
520. The hired worker may eat from the unharvested crops where he works.
(Deuteronomy 23:25)
521. The worker must not eat while on hired time.
(Deuteronomy 23:26)
522. The worker must not take more than he can eat.
(Deuteronomy 23:25)
523. Not to muzzle an ox while plowing.
(Deuteronomy 25:4)
524. The courts must carry out the laws of a borrower.
(Exodus 22:13)
525. The courts must carry out the laws of the unpaid guard.
(Exodus 22:6)
526. Lend without interest to the poor.
(Exodus 22:24)
527. Not to press the poor for repayment.
(Exodus 22:24)
528. Press the idolater for payment.
(Deuteronomy 15:3)
529. The creditor must not forcibly take collateral.
(Deuteronomy 24:10)
530. Return the collateral to the debtor when it is needed.
(Deuteronomy 24:13)
531. Not to delay returning the collateral when it is needed.
(Deuteronomy 24:12)
532. Not to demand collateral from a widow.
(Deuteronomy 24:17)
533. Not to demand as collateral utensils needed for preparing food.
(Deuteronomy 24:6)
534. Not to lend with interest within the community.
(Leviticus 25:37)
535. Not to borrow with interest.
(Deuteronomy 23:20)
536. Not to play any role in an interest loan.
(Exodus 22:24)
537. Lend to, and borrow from, idolaters at interest.
(Deuteronomy 23:21)
538. The court must carry out the laws of the plaintiff, admitter or denier.
(Exodus 22:8)
539. Carry out the laws of the order of inheritance.
(Numbers 27:8)
540. Appoint judges.
(Deuteronomy 16:18)
541. Not to appoint judges who are not familiar with judicial procedure.
(Deuteronomy 1:17)
542. Decide by majority in case of disagreement.
(Exodus 23:2)
543. The court must not execute through a majority of one, but at least a majority of two is required.
(Exodus 23:2)
544. A judge who presents a case for acquittal must not present an argument for conviction in capital cases.
(Exodus 23:2)
545. The court must carry out the death penalty of stoning.
(Deuteronomy 22:24)
546. The court must carry out the death penalty of burning.
(Leviticus 20:14)
547. The court must carry out the death penalty of the sword.
(Exodus 21:20)
548. The court must carry out the death penalty of strangulation.
(Leviticus 20:10)
549. The court must hang those stoned for blasphemy or idolatry.
(Deuteronomy 21:22)
550. Bury the executed on the day they were killed.
(Deuteronomy 21:23)
551. Not to delay the burial overnight.
(Deuteronomy 21:23)
552. The court must not let the sorcerer live.
(Exodus 22:17)
553. The court must flog the wrongdoer.
(Deuteronomy 25:2)
554. The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes.
(Deuteronomy 25:3)
555. The court must not kill anybody on circumstantial evidence.
(Exodus 23:7)
556. The court must not punish anybody who was forced to commit a crime.
(Deuteronomy 22:26)
557. The judge must not pity the murderer or assaulter at the trial.
(Deuteronomy 19:13)
558. The judge must not have mercy on the poor man at the trial.
(Leviticus 19:15)
559. The judge must not respect the great man at the trial.
(Leviticus 19:15)
560. The judge must not decide unjustly the case of the habitual transgressor.
(Exodus 23:6)
561. The judge must not pervert justice.
(Leviticus 19:15)
562. The judge must not pervert a case involving a convert or an orphan.
(Deuteronomy 24:17)
563. Judge righteously.
(Leviticus 19:15)
564. The judge must not fear a violent man in judgment.
(Deuteronomy 1:17)
565. Judges must not accept bribes.
(Exodus 23:8)
566. Judges must not accept testimony unless both parties are present.
(Exodus 23:1)
567. Not to curse judges.
(Exodus 22:27)
568. Not to curse the head of state.
(Exodus 22:27)
569. Not to curse a deaf person.
(Leviticus 19:14)
570. Anyone who knows evidence must testify at a trial.
(Leviticus 5:1)
571. Carefully interrogate the witness.
(Deuteronomy 13:15)
572. A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes.
(Numbers 35:30)
573. Not to accept testimony from a lone witness.
(Deuteronomy 19:15)
574. Transgressors must not testify.
(Exodus 23:1)
575. The litigant's relatives cannot testify.
(Deuteronomy 24:16)
576. Not to testify falsely.
(Exodus 20:13)
577. Do to the false witness what he tried to do to the defendant.
(Deuteronomy 19:19)
578. Act according to the rulings of the high court.
(Deuteronomy 17:11)
579. Not to deviate from a legal discussion.
(Deuteronomy 17:11)
580. Not to add to the Torah commandments or their oral explanations.
(Deuteronomy 13:1)
581. Not to diminish any commandments from the Torah, in whole or in part.
(Deuteronomy 13:1)
582. Not to curse your father and mother.
(Exodus 21:17)
583. Not to strike your father and mother.
(Exodus 21:15)
584. Respect your father and mother.
(Exodus 20:12)
585. Fear your father and mother.
(Leviticus 19:3)
586. Not to behave like the rebellious son as described in the Torah.
(Deuteronomy 21:20)
587. Mourn for relatives—even priests.
(Leviticus 10:19)
588. The High Priest must not defile himself for any relatives.
(Leviticus 21:11)
589. The High Priest must not enter under the same roof as a corpse.
(Leviticus 21:11)
590. A priest must not defile himself for anyone other than his relatives.
(Leviticus 21:1)
591. Appoint a king from Israel.
(Deuteronomy 17:15)
592. Not to appoint a convert.
(Deuteronomy 17:15)
593. The king must not have too many wives.
(Deuteronomy 17:17)
594. The king must not have too many horses.
(Deuteronomy 17:16)
595. The king must not have too much silver and gold.
(Deuteronomy 17:17)
596. Destroy the seven Canaanite nations.
(Deuteronomy 20:17)
597. Not to let any of them remain alive.
(Deuteronomy 20:16)
598. Blot out the memory of Amalek.
(Deuteronomy 25:19)
599. Remember what Amalek did to the Jewish people.
(Deuteronomy 25:17)
600. Not to forget their atrocities and ambush on our journey from Egypt in the desert.
(Deuteronomy 25:19)
601. Not to dwell permanently in Egypt.
(Deuteronomy 17:16)
602. Offer peace terms to the residents of a city under siege and treat them according to the Torah if they accept surrender terms.
(Deuteronomy 20:10)
603. Not to offer peace to Ammon and Moab while besieging them.
(Deuteronomy 23:7)
604. Not to destroy fruit trees even during a siege.
(Deuteronomy 20:19)
605. Prepare latrines outside the camps.
(Deuteronomy 23:13)
606. Prepare a shovel for each soldier to dig with.
(Deuteronomy 23:14)
607. Appoint a priest to speak to the soldiers during war.
(Deuteronomy 20:2)
608. A newly married man who has built a home or planted a vineyard is exempt from the military to rejoice with his wife.
(Deuteronomy 24:5)
609. Not to conscript or involve the newly married man in military or communal service.
(Deuteronomy 24:5)
610. Not to panic and retreat during battle.
(Deuteronomy 20:3)
611. Carry out the laws of captive women.
(Deuteronomy 21:11)
612. Not to sell her into slavery.
(Deuteronomy 21:14)
613. Not to retain her for servitude after having relations with her.
(Deuteronomy 21:14)
Next Lesson: How to Observe the FEAST of TRUMPETS
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